Dumb Facts » Earth and Space

• 5,865,696,000,000 – The amount of miles in a light year.
• More than 20 million meteroids enter Earth’s atmosphere every day. Most are no bigger than a speck of dust.
• The largest painting on earth is a 72437 square foot smiley face.
• The Earth gets 100 tons heavier every day due to falling space dust.
• Gold is the only metal that doesn’t rust, even if it’s buried in the ground for thousands of years.
• The winds on Saturn blow at 1,200 mph. 10 times faster than a strong Earth hurricane.
• The average iceberg weighs 20,000,000 tons!
• A diamond is the hardest natural substance.
• Earth’s oceans contain 7 1/2 million tons of gold, dissolved in the water.
• The energy given off by a hurricane in one day would power the entire U.S for three years.
• The sun is 93,000,000 miles from the earth.
• There is enough energy in one bolt of lightning to power a home for two weeks.
• Io, a moon of jupiter, has the most active volcanoes in the solar system.
• Hydrogen can be a metal, but it is only in a solid state under extreme conditions such as being in the core of Jupiter!
• Rain falls at an average speed of 22 mph.

QUIZ

1) How do we know ‘The Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited’?

Ans: ANZ Bank

2) Which stock exchange in the world is referred to as ASX?

Ans: Australian Stock Exchange

3) Which company did Henrry Brayan. Dr J Budd, Harmon Cable, Will McGonaggle and John Dwan start on the North Shore of Lake Superior at 2 Harbors, Minnesota in 1902?

Ans: 3M

4) Which famous TV or radio network in the US is referred to as the Alphabet Network?

Ans: ABC Network

5) Who acquired Macromedia in Dec 2005?

Ans: Adobe

6) High Performance. Delivered is whose promise?

Ans: Accenture

7) Front Row, Sports Grill, American Bar are all brands owned by which company?

Ans: TGIF

8.)Launched in 1958 by Bank of America as the white, blue and gold revolving credit. It was known as Bank Americard. How do we know it today?

Ans: VISA

9) Whose famous ad slogan was- “ The Milk Chocolate melts in your mouth. Not in your hands “

Ans: M&M

10) Who is the shirt sponsor of Manchester United?

Ans: AIG

11) Whose product is Minute Maid- a fruit punch?

Ans: Coca Cola

12) John Jacob and Henry founded which optics company in 1853?

Ans: Bausch & Lomb

13) Get Gorgeous, On the Run, Freedom Express aand Launchpad are programmes on which channel?

Ans: Channel V

14) Who produced the movie ‘Guru’?

Ans: Madras Talkies

SQL Interview Questions

SQL*Plus
SQL*Plus is an application that recognizes & executes SQL commands & specialized SQL*Plus commands that can customize reports, provide help & edit facility & maintain system variables.

NVL : Null value function converts a null value to a non-null value for the purpose of evaluating an expression. Numeric Functions accept numeric I/P & return numeric values. They are MOD, SQRT, ROUND, TRUNC & POWER.

Date Functions
Date Functions are ADD_MONTHS, LAST_DAY, NEXT_DAY, MONTHS_BETWEEN & SYSDATE.

Character Functions
Character Functions are INITCAP, UPPER, LOWER, SUBSTR & LENGTH. Additional functions are GREATEST & LEAST. Group Functions returns results based upon groups of rows rather than one result per row, use group functions. They are AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN & SUM.
 

TTITLE & BTITLE are commands to control report headings & footers.

COLUMN
COLUMN command define column headings & format data values.

BREAK
BREAK command clarify reports by suppressing repeated values, skipping lines & allowing for controlled break points.

COMPUTE
command control computations on subsets created by the BREAK command.

SET command changes the system variables affecting the report environment.


SPOOL command creates a print file of the report.

JOIN is the form of SELECT command that combines info from two or more tables.
Types of Joins are Simple (Equijoin & Non-Equijoin), Outer & Self join.
Equijoin returns rows from two or more tables joined together based upon a equality condition in the WHERE clause.
Non-Equijoin returns rows from two or more tables based upon a relationship other than the equality condition in the WHERE clause.
Outer Join combines two or more tables returning those rows from one table that have no direct match in the other table.
Self Join joins a table to itself as though it were two separate tables.


Union is the product of two or more tables.

 Intersect is the product of two tables listing only the matching rows.

Minus is the product of two tables listing only the non-matching rows.

Correlated Subquery is a subquery that is evaluated once for each row processed by the parent statement. Parent statement can be Select, Update or Delete. Use CRSQ to answer multipart questions whose answer depends on the value in each row processed by parent statement.


Multiple columns can be returned from a Nested Subquery.

Sequences are used for generating sequence numbers without any overhead of locking. Drawback is that after generating a sequence number if the transaction is rolled back, then that sequence number is lost.

Synonyms is the alias name for table, views, sequences & procedures and are created for reasons of Security and Convenience.
Two levels are Public - created by DBA & accessible to all the users. Private - Accessible to creator only. Advantages are referencing without specifying the owner and Flexibility to customize a more meaningful naming convention.

Indexes are optional structures associated with tables used to speed query execution and/or guarantee uniqueness. Create an index if there are frequent retrieval of fewer than 10-15% of the rows in a large table and columns are referenced frequently in the WHERE clause. Implied tradeoff is query speed vs. update speed. Oracle automatically update indexes. Concatenated index max. is 16 columns.

Data types
Max. columns in a table is 255. Max. Char size is 255, Long is 64K & Number is 38 digits.
Cannot Query on a long column.
Char, Varchar2 Max. size is 2000 & default is 1 byte.
Number(p,s) p is precision range 1 to 38, s is scale -84 to 127.
Long Character data of variable length upto 2GB.
Date Range from Jan 4712 BC to Dec 4712 AD.
Raw Stores Binary data (Graphics Image & Digitized Sound). Max. is 255 bytes.
Mslabel Binary format of an OS label. Used primarily with Trusted Oracle.

Order of SQL statement execution
Where clause, Group By clause, Having clause, Order By clause & Select.

Transaction is defined as all changes made to the database between successive commits.

Commit is an event that attempts to make data in the database identical to the data in the form. It involves writing or posting data to the database and committing data to the database. Forms check the validity of the data in fields and records during a commit. Validity check are uniqueness, consistency and db restrictions.

Posting is an event that writes Inserts, Updates & Deletes in the forms to the database but not committing these transactions to the database.

Rollback causes work in the current transaction to be undone.

Savepoint is a point within a particular transaction to which you may rollback without rolling back the entire transaction.

Set Transaction is to establish properties for the current transaction.

Locking are mechanisms intended to prevent destructive interaction between users accessing data. Locks are used to achieve.

Consistency : Assures users that the data they are changing or viewing is not changed until the are thro' with it.

Integrity
Assures database data and structures reflects all changes made to them in the correct sequence. Locks ensure data integrity and maximum concurrent access to data. Commit statement releases all locks. Types of locks are given below.
Data Locks protects data i.e. Table or Row lock.
Dictionary Locks protects the structure of database object i.e. ensures table's structure does not change for the duration of the transaction.
Internal Locks & Latches protects the internal database structures. They are automatic.
Exclusive Lock allows queries on locked table but no other activity is allowed.
Share Lock allows concurrent queries but prohibits updates to the locked tables.
Row Share allows concurrent access to the locked table but prohibits for a exclusive table lock.
Row Exclusive same as Row Share but prohibits locking in shared mode.
Shared Row Exclusive locks the whole table and allows users to look at rows in the table but prohibit others from locking the table in share or updating them.
Share Update are synonymous with Row Share.


Deadlock is a unique situation in a multi user system that causes two or more users to wait indefinitely for a locked resource. First user needs a resource locked by the second user and the second user needs a resource locked by the first user. To avoid dead locks, avoid using exclusive table lock and if using, use it in the same sequence and use Commit frequently to release locks.


Mutating Table is a table that is currently being modified by an Insert, Update or Delete statement. Constraining Table is a table that a triggering statement might need to read either directly for a SQL statement or indirectly for a declarative Referential Integrity constraints. Pseudo Columns behaves like a column in a table but are not actually stored in the table. E.g. Currval, Nextval, Rowid, Rownum, Level etc.

SQL*Loader is a product for moving data in external files into tables in an Oracle database. To load data from external files into an Oracle database, two types of input must be provided to SQL*Loader : the data itself and the control file. The control file describes the data to be loaded. It describes the Names and format of the data files, Specifications for loading data and the Data to be loaded (optional). Invoking the loader sqlload username/password controlfilename

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Lateral thinking

1.Acting on an anonymous phone call, the police raid a house to arrest a suspected murderer. They don't know what he looks like but they know his name is John and that he is inside the house. The police bust in on a carpenter, a lorry driver, a mechanic and a fireman all playing poker. Without hesitation or communication of any kind, they immediately arrest the fireman. How do they know they've got their man?

Ans-The fireman is the only man in the room. The rest of the poker players are women.

2. A man lives in the penthouse of an apartment building. Every morning he takes the elevator down to the lobby and leaves the building. Upon his return, however, he can only travel halfway up in the lift and has to walk the rest of the way - unless it's raining. What is the explanation for this?

Ans-The man is a dwarf. He can't reach the upper elevator buttons, but he can ask people to push them for him. He can also push them with his umbrella.